Випуски $\rightarrow$ Том 26, випуск 4 (2025)

Вплив фізичних явищ і властивостей матеріялів на якість деталів під час селективного лазерного топлення

ПОДОЛЬСЬКИЙ Р.В.$^{1,2,3}$, АДЖАМСЬКИЙ С.В.$^{2,4}$, КОНОНЕНКО Г.А.$^{2,5}$, БАДЮК С.І.$^{2,3}$

$^1$Інститут чорної металургії ім. З.І. Некрасова НАН України, пл. Академіка Стародубова, 1; 49107 Дніпро, Україна
$^2$ТОВ «Адитивні лазерні технології України», просп. Небесної Сотні, 105; 65104 Одеса, Україна
$^3$Інститут прикладних систем управління НАН України, просп. Академіка Глушкова, 40; 03187 Київ, Україна
$^4$Інститут транспортних систем і технологій НАН України, вул. Писаржевського, 5; 49000 Дніпро, Україна
$^5$Національний технічний університет України «Дніпровська політехніка», просп. Дмитра Яворницького, 19; 49005 Дніпро, Україна

Отримано / остаточна версія: 27.03.2025 / 03.11.2025 Завантажити PDF logo PDF

Анотація
Дослідження стосується аналізи ключових чинників, що впливають на формування дефектів, зокрема пористости, у деталях, виготовлених методом селективного лазерного топлення (СЛТ). Оскільки СЛТ отримує все ширше застосування у відповідальних галузях, досягнення високої якости в процесі виготовлення має принципову важливість, що може бути забезпечено через глибоке розуміння процесів, які відбуваються в такому разі. Виконано аналізу взаємочину лазерного випромінення з металевими порошками (неіржавійна криця 316L, титановий стоп Ti6Al4V, алюмінійовий стоп AlSi10Mg, ніклевий суперстоп Inconel 718) та фізичних процесів у ванні розтопу, таких як термокапілярна конвекція, динаміка теплоперенесення, тиск парів металу та явище розбризкування. Встановлено залежність між параметрами лазера (потужність, швидкість сканування, джерело та довжина хвилі випромінення, коефіцієнт зворотнього розсіяння, зміна кута падних електронів), теплофізичними властивостями матеріялів (теплопровідність, поверхневий натяг, коефіцієнт термічного розширення) та стабільністю формування треків. Експериментально доведено, що нестабільність ванни розтопу, спричинена ґрадієнтами температури та гідродинамічними ефектами, є основним джерелом пористости. Побудовано залежність тепломісткости від температури криць і стопів, що застосовуються у СЛТ-технології, показано вплив фазових перетворень на ці закономірності. Розглянуто особливості масоперенесення у ванні розтопу під дією ґрадієнту поверхневого натягу та ґрадієнту температури. Виконано аналізу впливу випаровувань розтопленого металу на ерозію порошку, розбризкування розтопу, створення тиску відбою над ванною розтопу та завади проникненню променя лазера. Розроблено схему поперечного та повздовжнього перерізів ванни розтопу з явищами, які відбуваються у ній. Запропоновано підходи до оптимізації процесу СЛТ, зокрема балансування енергетичних параметрів і використання захисних газів, для мінімізації кількости дефектів і підвищення стабільности процесів. Результати дослідження вказують на необхідність комплексного підходу до управління процесом СЛТ, враховуючи як технологічні параметри, так і специфіку матеріялів. Це відкриває перспективи для створення деталів з мінімальною дефектністю.

Ключові слова: селективне лазерне топлення, стоп, басейн розтопу, поодинока доріжка, мікроструктура.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/ufm.26.04.***

Citation: R.V. Podolskyi, S.V. Adzhamskyy, G.A. Kononenko, and S.I. Badyuk, The Influence of Physical Phenomena and Material Properties on the Quality of Parts during Selective Laser Melting, Progress in Physics of Metals, 26, No. 4: ***–*** (2025)

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