Випуски $\rightarrow$ Том 27, випуск 1 (2026)

Сучасні тенденції у виробництві виливків із чорних і кольорових стопів з використанням зовнішніх і внутрішніх впливів

ІССАГУЛОВ А.З., КУЛІКОВ В.Ю., КВОН С.В., АРІНОВА С.К., ТУГАНБАЄВА А.А.

Карагандинський технічний університет імені Абилкаса Сагінова, просп. Нурсултана Назарбаєва, 56; 100003 Караганда, Казахстан

Отримано / остаточна версія 03.07.2025 / 24.01.2026 Завантажити PDF logo PDF

Анотація
В огляді узагальнено сучасні дані стосовно методів рафінування та гомогенізації структур металевих стопів із застосуванням внутрішніх хемічних модифікаторів і зовнішніх фізичних полів. Проаналізовано механізми, за допомогою яких наночастинки, рідкісноземельні елементи й інокулянти сприяють гетерогенному зародженню кристалів і керують динамікою кристалізації. Оцінено вплив механічних коливань, ультразвуку й електромагнетних полів на морфологію зерна, фазову однорідність і поведінку включень. Особливу увагу приділено синергічній дії зазначених методів для формування армованих або композитоподібних мікроструктур з поліпшеними механічними та функціональними характеристиками. В огляді критично оцінено наявні дані та запропоновано концептуальну основу для подальших досліджень стратегій оброблень розтопу, спрямованих на створення матеріялів із заданими властивостями задля перспективних застосувань.

Ключові слова: внутрішнє модифікування, зовнішні поля, механізми кристалізації, гетерогенне зародження, синергічне оброблення, мікроструктура стопу.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/ufm.27.01.084

Citation: A.Z. Issagulov, V.Yu. Kulikov, S.V. Kvon, S.K. Arinova, and А.А. Тuganbayeva, Current Trends in the Production of Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Alloys’ Castings Using External and Internal Influences, Progress in Physics of Metals, 27, No. 1: 84–129 (2026)

Цитована література   
  1. A. Hirata, T. Fujita, Y.R. Wen, J.H. Schneibel, C.T. Liu, and M.W. Chen, Atomic Structure of Nanoclusters in Oxide-Dispersion-Strengthened Steels, Nat. Mater., 10: 922 (2011); https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3115
  2. M. Dade, J. Malaplate, J. Garnier, F. De Geuser, F. Barcelo, P. Wident, and A. Deschamps, Influence of Microstructural Parameters on the Mechanical Properties of Oxide Dispersion Strengthened Fe–14Cr Steels, Acta Mater., 127: 165 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2016.12.057
  3. M. Kivio, L. Holappa, S. Louhenkilpi, M. Nakamoto, and T. Tanaka, Studies on Interfacial Phenomena in Titanium Carbide/Liquid Steel Systems for Development of Functionally Graded Material, Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 47: 2114 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-016-0640-y
  4. J.J. Lewandowski and M. Seifi, Metal Additive Manufacturing: A Review of Mechanical Properties, Annu. Rev. Mater. Res., 46: 151 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-matsci-070115-032024
  5. T. DebRoy, H.L. Wei, J.S. Zuback, T. Mukherjee, J.W. Elmer, J.O. Milewski, A.M. Beese, A. Wilson-Heid, A. De, and W. Zhang, Additive Manufacturing of Metallic Components — Process, Structure and Properties, Prog. Mater. Sci., 92: 112 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2017.10.001
  6. F. Lin, F. Jia, M. Ren, J. Wang, M. Yang, Z. Chen, and Z. Jiang, Microstructure, Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Al2024–TiC-GNPs Nanocomposite, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 841: 142855 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2022.142855
  7. W. Zhai, W. Zhou, and S.M.L. Nai, Effect of Interface Wettability on Additively Manufactured Metal Matrix Composites: A Case Study of 316L-Y2O3 Oxide Dispersion-Strengthened Steel, Metals, 14: 170 (2024); https://doi.org/10.3390/met14020170
  8. H. Sakasegawa, S. Ohtsuka, S. Ukai, H. Tanigawa, M. Fujiwara, H. Ogiwara, and A. Kohyama, Microstructural Evolution during Creep of 9Cr-ODS Steels, Fusion Eng. Des., 81: 1013 (2006); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2005.08.048
  9. Y. Zhong, L. Liu, J. Zou, X. Li, D. Cui, and Z. Shen, Oxide Dispersion Strengthened Stainless Steel 316L with Superior Strength and Ductility by Selective Laser Melting, J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 42: 97 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2019.10.003
  10. J.R.O. Leo, S.P. Barroso, M.E. Fitzpatrick, M. Wang, and Z. Zhou, Microstructure, Tensile and Creep Properties of an Austenitic ODS 316L Steel, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 749: 158 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2019.01.110
  11. A. Durga, N.H. Pettersson, S.B.A. Malladi, Z. Chen, S. Guo, L. Nyborg, and G. Lindwall, Grain Refinement in Additively Manufactured Ferritic Stainless Steel by in situ Inoculation Using Pre-Alloyed Powder, Scr. Mater., 194: 113690 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2020.113690
  12. V. Dyakova, Ya. Kostova, V. Manolov, P. Kuzmanov, Iv. Panov, A. Velikov, and B. Dochev, Comparative Study of the Influence of Some Nanomodifiers on the Microstructure and Corrosion Properties of AlSi18 Alloy, J. Chem. Technol. Metall., 56, No. 1: 205 (2021).
  13. P.V. Kovalev, A.Z. Isagulov, S.D. Popova, V.Yu. Kulikov, and St.S. Kvon, Investigation of the Effect of High Strength Strips Steel Modification with Rare-Earth Metal, Metalurgija, 56, Nos. 3–4: 393 (2017).
  14. P.V. Kovalev, A.Z. Isagulov, S.D. Popova, V.Yu. Kulikov, and St.S. Kvon, Improving Shipbuilding Steel Grade Quality at Stages of Smelting, Secondary Refining, and Continuous Casting, Metals, 9, No. 2: 203 (2019); https://doi.org/10.3390/met9020203
  15. A.Z. Issagulov, Sv.S. Kvon, Ye.V. Svortsov, and V.Yu. Kulikov, Nanomodifier Effect on Structure and Properties Changes of Heat-Treatable Steel, Metalurgija, 59, No. 4: 540 (2020).
  16. Q. Gu, X. Huang, J. Xi, and Z. Gao, The Influence of Magnetic Field on Fatigue and Mechanical Properties of a 35CrMo Steel, Metals, 11: 542 (2021); https://doi.org/10.3390/met11040542
  17. K.N. Vdovin, G.A. Dubskiy, and L.G. Egorova, Vliyanie Magnitnogo Polya na Protsess Kristallizatsii Alyuminievykh Rasplavov [Influence of Magnetic Field on the Crystallisation Process of Aluminium Melts], Izvestiya Vuzov. Tsvetnaya Metallurgiya, No. 2: 34 (2018) (in Russian); https://doi.org/10.17073/0021-3438-2018-2-34-42
  18. A. Freitas, F. Landgraf, M.M. Seckler, and M. Giulietti, The Influence of Magnetic Field on Crystallisation from Solutions, Proc. Int. Conf. Ind. Crystall. (September 1999, Cambridge, UK), p. 215.
  19. Y.Q. Wang, M. Gorley, S. Kabra, and E. Surrey, Influence of a 1.5 T Magnetic Field on the Tensile Properties of Eurofer-97 Steel, Fusion Eng. Des., 141: 68 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2019.03.017
  20. V. Braic, A. Vladescu, M. Balaceanu, C.R. Luculescu, and M. Braic, Nanostructured multi-element (TiZrNbHfTa)C hard coatings, Surf. Coat. Technol., 211: 117 (2012); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2011.09.033
  21. Z. Liu, S. Zhang, F. Cao, S. Liang, and T. Wang, Effect of Ultrasonic Vibration Treatment on Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Cu-TiB~2~ Composites, Mater. Charact., 211: 113912 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2024.113912
  22. K.G. Basavakumar, P.G. Mukunda, and M. Chakraborty, Influence of Grain Refinement and Modification on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al–7Si and Al–7Si–2.5Cu Cast Alloys, Mater. Charact., 59: 283 (2008); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2007.01.011
  23. T. Pan, Y. Zhi, W. Zou, J. Nie, Y. Fan, R. Liu, H. Chen, G. Zhong, Y. Zhou, C. Li, and X. Liu, Achieving Significant Grain Refinement and Enhanced Mechanical Properties of Sand-Cast ZL114A Alloy by a New Synergetic Addition Strategy of Al-TCB Grain Refiner and Sr Modifier, J. Alloys Compd., 1018: 179246 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.179246
  24. K. Suo, Y. Xu, W. Ma, Y. Ren, and Y. Lei, Separation of Al–Si–(Fe, Ni) Melt for Simultaneous Recycling of Al–Si Scrap and Preparation of Al–Si Eutectic Alloys, Sep. Purif. Technol., 363, Pt. 1: 132032 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2025.132032
  25. J. Dong, J. Jiang, Y. Wang, M. Huang, J. Cui, T. Qin, and L. Kong, Effect of Er, Zr, V, Ti Microalloying and Multi-Field Coupling Melt Deep Purification on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al–12Si–4.5Cu–2Ni Alloy, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 923: 147706 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2024.147706
  26. I. Spacil, A. Hohenwarter, P. Hofer-Hauser, and J. Li, Linking Microstructure with Static and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Al–7Si–0.3Mg Based Alloys, J. Alloys Compd., 1032: 181161 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.181161
  27. G.E. Akhmetova, G.A. Ulyeva, and K.N. Tuyskhan, On the Issue of Alloying and Modification of Alloys: Using the Waste Products for Creation of Novel Materials, Prog. Phys. Met., 22, No. 2: 271 (2021); https://doi.org/10.15407/ufm.22.02.271
  28. D. Yang, C. Yuehua, D. Song, D. Yang, Y. Zhao, W. Xiangjie, N. Zhou, Z.-Q. Guo, and B. Ke, A Novel Modifier Al–Sr–RE for Improving the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Recycled AA3104 Alloy, J. Alloys Compd., 1022: 179744 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.179744
  29. B. Dochev, V. Manolov, A. Velikov, V. Diyakova, and P. Kuzmanov, Investigation of the Potential of Simultaneous Modification of Hypereutectic Aluminum-Silicon AlSi18 Alloy with Conventional and Nano-Modifier, IFAC-PapersOnLine, 52, No. 25: 488 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2019.12.590
  30. J.-Y. Lee, J.-M. Lee, K.-S. Son, J.-I. Jang, and Y.-H. Cho, A Study on the Interaction between a Sr Modifier and an Al-5Ti-1B Grain Refiner in an Al-7Si-0.35Mg Casting Alloy, J. Alloys Compd., 938: 168598 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2022.168598
  31. A.M. Samuel, G.H. Garza-Elizondo, H.W. Doty, and F.H. Samuel, Role of Modification and Melt Thermal Treatment Processes on the Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Al–Si Alloys, Mater. Des., 80: 99 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2015.05.013
  32. P. Yan, W. Mao, J. Fan, B. Wang, and Y. Liu, Microstructural Evolution, Segregation and Fracture Behavior of A390 Alloy Prepared by Combined Rheo-HPDC Processing and Sr-Modifier, J. Alloys Compd., 835: 155297 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.155297
  33. M.F. Kilicaslan and E. Karaköse, Production of CNT-Bearing Melt-Spun Al-2Sc-0.05CNT Alloys, J. Alloys Compd., 738: 182 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.12.130
  34. Q. Luo, X. Li, Q. Li, L. Yuan, L. Peng, F. Pan, and W. Ding, Achieving Grain Refinement of α-Al and Si Modification Simultaneously by La-B-Sr Addition in Al-10Si Alloys, J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 135: 97 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2022.07.009
  35. P. Tang, Q. Liu, F. Yu, F. Mo, and L. Qin, Effect and Its Mechanism of Fixed-Ratio and Incremented 3Be–Sb Complex Modifier on Microstructures and Properties of Hypereutectic Al–Si–Mg Alloy, J. Alloys Compd., 931: 167478 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2022.167478
  36. T. Jiang, C. Yu, B. Xu, W. Yu, G. Xu, Y. Li, Z. Wang, and G. Wang, A Novel Investigation on the Influence of Cu–P Modifier on the Microstructure, Mechanical Performance, and Melting Process of Al–50Si Alloys Treated by Overheating, Prog. Nat. Sci. Mater. Int., 31: 461 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnsc.2021.04.003
  37. S.O. Polishko, Influence of Modification on the Characteristics of Reinforcing Steels Intended for Reinforced Concrete Structures, Prog. Phys. Met., 24, No. 3: 470 (2023); https://doi.org/10.15407/ufm.24.03.470
  38. N.K. Kund, Influence of Melt Pouring Temperature and Plate Inclination on Solidification and Microstructure of A356 Aluminum Alloy Produced Using Oblique Plate, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 24: 3465 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(14)63490-7
  39. E.B. Moustafa, H.D. Natto, E.M. Banoqitah, M.A. Alazwari, A.O. Mosleh, and A.M. Khalil, Improving the Mechanical and Dynamic Properties of Al–Zn–Mg–Cu–Based Aluminum Alloy: A Combined Approach of Microstructural Modification and Heat Treatment, J. Alloys Compd., 1013: 178558 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.178558
  40. C. Li, Z. Wang, Y. Zhao, J. Du, Y. Ma, J. Li, and F. Sun, Modification Mechanism of Te and Morphology Evolution of Primary Mg2Si in an Al–20Mg2Si Alloy, Heliyon, 10: e40141 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e40141
  41. M. Alipour, B.G. Aghdam, H.E. Rahnoma, and M. Emamy, Investigation of the Effect of Al–5Ti–1B Grain Refiner on Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of an Al–Zn–Mg–Cu Alloy Formed by Strain-Induced Melt Activation Process, Mater. Des., 46: 766 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2012.10.058
  42. G.-L. Liu, N.-C. Si, S.-C. Sun, and Q.-F. Wu, Effects of Grain Refining and Modification on Mechanical Properties and Microstructures of Al–7.5Si–4Cu Cast Alloy, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 24: 946 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(14)63147-2
  43. J. Ding, C. Lu, Y. Sun, C. Cui, and E. Zhao, Refining and Modification Effects of (Al, Zr, Si)-Al~4~Sr on Al–7Si–0.5 Mg Alloy, J. Mater. Res. Technol., 15: 1604 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.09.006
  44. M. Zuo, D. Zhao, X. Teng, H. Geng, and Z. Zhang, Effect of P and Sr Complex Modification on Si Phase in Hypereutectic Al–30Si Alloys, Mater. Des., 47: 857 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2012.12.054
  45. S. Wang, F. Kimura, W. Chen, J. Sang, H. Hirahara, and Y. Kajihara, Submicrometer Analyses of the Polymer Flow Modifier Effects on Metal-Polymer Direct Joining, Mater. Lett., 347: 134655 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2023.134655
  46. D.-Y. Wu, J. Kang, Z.-H. Feng, R. Su, C.-H. Liu, T. Li, and L.-S. Wang, Utilizing a Novel Modifier to Realize Multi-Refinement and Optimized Heat Treatment of A356 Alloy, J. Alloys Compd., 791: 628 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.03.327
  47. H. Xi, W. Xiao, H. Li, Y. Fu, G. Yi, J. Qie, X. Ma, and C. Ma, Effects of Submicron-Sized TiC Particles on the Microstructure Modification and Mechanical Properties of Al–Si–Mg Alloy, J. Alloys Compd., 968: 171963 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2023.171963
  48. A. Sarkar, S. Manivannan, and S.P.K. Babu, Modification of Al-11.1Si Alloy with Sodium through Casting Route, Mater. Today Proc., 44: 2781 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.12.757
  49. Y.-L. Zhou, W.-H. Song, Y.-X. Lai, and J.-H. Chen, Microstructural Role of TiB Addition in Modifying ZnAl Alloy, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 33: 2726 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(23)66293-4
  50. Y.K. Singla, M.R. Maughan, N. Arora, and D.K. Dwivedi, Enhancing the Wear Resistance of Iron-Based Alloys: A Comprehensive Review of Alloying Element Effects, J. Manuf. Process., 120: 135 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2024.04.038
  51. A.S. Kandemir and R. Gecu, Influence of Vanadium Content and Cooling Rate on the Characteristics of Vanadium-Alloyed Spheroidal Graphite Cast Irons, J. Alloys Compd., 934: 168017 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2022.168017
  52. A. Vasko, Comparison of Mechanical and Fatigue Properties of SiMo- and SiCu-Types of Nodular Cast Iron, Mater. Today Proc., 32: 168 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.04.184
  53. X. Yao, T. Jiang, S. Wei, L. Xu, K. Pan, H. Yu, C. Chen, C. Zhang, X. Wang, and C. Wang, Microstructure and Abrasive Wear Performance of a Novel CALPHAD-Inspired Wear-Resistant Steel Containing Multiphase and Multiscale Carbides, Wear, 538–539: 205182 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2023.205182
  54. F. Qiu, H. Zhang, C.-L. Li, Z.-F. Wang, F. Chang, H.-Y. Yang, C.-D. Li, X. Han, and Q.-C. Jiang, Simultaneously Enhanced Strength and Toughness of Cast Medium Carbon Steels Matrix Composites by Trace Nano-Sized TiC Particles, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 819: 141485 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2021.141485
  55. N. Li, F. Ge, S. Wu, H. Tan, and Z. Hu, J. Alloys Compd., 1024: 180249 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.180249
  56. H. Xie, L. Xu, X. Deng, X. Diao, Z. Li, and S. Wei, Effect of Silicon on Microstructure and Wear Properties of Bainite High Vanadium Wear-Resistant Alloy, Wear, 205784 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2025.205784
  57. M.P. Moodispaw, J. Miao, E. Cinkilic, and A.A. Luo, The Beneficial Effect of Ce Additions to High Fe-Containing Secondary Al–Si–Mg Cast Alloys, J. Alloys Compd., 1009: 176864 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2024.176864
  58. X. Wang, Z. Wu, B. Li, W. Chen, J. Zhang, and J. Mao, Inclusions Modification by Rare Earth in Steel and the Resulting Properties: A Review, J. Rare Earths, 42: 431 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jre.2023.04.015
  59. W. Liu, J. Wang, M. Sun, B. Xu, J. Yao, Q. Fan, and D. Li, Cerium Refinement of Grains and Primary Carbides during Solidification of Cr4Mo4V Bearing Steel, J. Rare Earths, 42: 783 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jre.2023.05.001
  60. S.K. Arinova, D.R. Aubakirov, M.M. Dospayev, A.A. Tuganbayeva, Acta Metall. Slovaca, 31, No. 2: 108 (2025); https://doi.org/10.36547/ams.31.2.2212
  61. A.Z. Issagulov, O.A. Sharaya, N.V. Vodolazskaya, S.K. Arinova, A.A. Tugambaeva, Mater. Mech. Eng. Technol., No. 2: 38 (2025) (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.52209/2706-977X_2025_2_38
  62. M. Sun, X. Nie, Z. Chen, L. Liang, L. Guo, M. Wang, C. Zhao, and L. Li, Improved Low-Stress Thermoplastic Forming of TiAl Alloys via Dislocation Behavior under Mechanical Vibration, J. Alloys Compd., 1022: 180030 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.180030
  63. Z. Zuo, M. Paidar, R.V. Vignesh, H. Keshavrazi, S. Alamri, and X. Liu, Evaluating the Influence of Vibrational Assistance Friction Stir Processing on Improving the Wear and Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Composite AZ31 Mg Alloy, J. Mater. Res. Technol., 36: 5040 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.04.180
  64. B. Lin, X.-X. He, S.-C. Xia, H.-Q. Xiao, Y.-L. Zhao, and K. Khanlari, Effect of Ultrasonic and Mechanical Vibration Treatments on Evolution of Mn-Rich Phases and Mechanical Properties of Al−12Si−4Cu−1Ni−1Mg−2Mn Piston Alloys, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 34: 2393 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66549-0
  65. C. Guo, T. Qu, Y. Yu, and J. Zhou, Interaction Impact of Mechanical Vibration and Fin Structure on the Melting Heat Transfer Characteristics of Phase Change Materials, J. Energy Storage, 114, Pt. B: 115927 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2025.115927
  66. S.N. Lan, Y. Shi, J.Q. Yao, L.J. Xie, S.M. Yin, K. Wang, and X.W. Liu, Refined Microstructure to Improve the Mechanical Properties of the As-Cast NiCoCr Multi Principal Element Alloy via Mechanical Vibration, Mater. Lett., 365: 136409 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2024.136409
  67. Saifudin, N. Muhayat, E. Surojo, M.R. Muslih, and Triyono, Effect of Vibration Frequency on Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Metal Inert Gas Welded Dissimilar AA5083 and AA6061 Aluminum Alloy Joints, Results Eng., 24: 102970 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2024.102970
  68. Y. Liu, X. Li, R. Guo, Z. Li, J. Du, M. Liu, Q. Hu, X. Kong, and L. Bao, Effect of Mechanical Vibration on Microstructure and Impact Properties of Gas Metal Arc Welding Q450NQR1 Welded Joints, Int. J. Press. Vessel. Pip., 213: 105371 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpvp.2024.105371
  69. V.-T. Pham, T.-N. Vu, T.-H. Fang, D.-B. Luu, V.-T. Hoang, N.-H. Tran, M.-S. Tran, and Q.-B. Tao, Effects of Microstructure and Vibration Parameters on Mechanical Properties of Nanoimprinted FeNiCrCoCu High-Entropy Alloys, Physica B, 665: 415028 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2023.415028
  70. H.-M. Guo, A.-S. Zhang, X.-J. Yang, and M.-M. Yan, Grain Refinement of Al-5%Cu Aluminum Alloy under Mechanical Vibration Using Meltable Vibrating Probe, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 24: 2489 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(14)63375-6
  71. X. Shao, Y. Chenxu, B. Wang, N. Zhang, and Y. Yuan, Mechanical Agitation Triggered Crystallization of Eutectic Phase Change Material Xylitol/Erythritol with Persistent Supercooling for Controllable Heat Retrieval, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, 256: 112335 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2023.112335
  72. L. Zhang, W. Bian, K. Fu, X. Dai, H. Wang, and J. Wang, Improvement of Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Wire Arc Additive Manufactured 2319 Aluminum Alloy by Mechanical Vibration Acceleration, Mater. Charact., 208: 113672 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2024.113672
  73. C. Jinxia, C. Xu, and Z. Luo, Effect of Mechanical Vibration on Microstructure and Properties of Cast AZ91D Alloy, Results Phys., 11: 1022 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2018.10.047
  74. T.K. Chavan, Influence of Mould Vibration on Microstructural Behaviour and Mechanical Properties of LM25 Aluminium Alloy Using Gravity Die Casting Process, Mater. Today Proc., 46: 4412 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.09.671
  75. W. Jiang, Z. Fan, X. Chen, B. Wang, and H. Wu, Combined Effects of Mechanical Vibration and Wall Thickness on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of A356 Aluminum Alloy Produced by Expendable Pattern Shell Casting, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 619: 228 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2014.09.102
  76. F. Taghavi, H. Saghafian, and Y.H.K. Kharrazi, Study on the Effect of Prolonged Mechanical Vibration on the Grain Refinement and Density of A356 Aluminum Alloy, Mater. Des., 30: 1604 (2009); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2008.07.032
  77. A.K. Ghosh and P. Halder, Mechanical Vibration Effects on the Melting Performance of Nano-Enhanced Phase Change Material, Appl. Therm. Eng., 269, Pt. A: 125986 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.125986
  78. C. Limmaneevichitr, S. Pongananpanya, and J. Kajornchaiyakul, Metallurgical Structure of A356 Aluminum Alloy Solidified under Mechanical Vibration: An Investigation of Alternative Semi-Solid Casting Routes, Mater. Des., 30: 3925 (2009); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2009.01.036
  79. R.-J. Wang, S.-P. Wu, and W. Chen, Mechanism of Burst Feeding in ZL205A Casting under Mechanical Vibration and Low Pressure, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 28: 1514 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(18)64792-2
  80. K. Kocatepe, Effect of Low Frequency Vibration on Porosity of LM25 and LM6 Alloys, Mater. Des., 28: 1767 (2007); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2006.05.004
  81. S. Pan, Y. Liu, B. Yang, Y. Fu, M. Gao, and R. Guan, Effect of Stirring Speed and Temperature on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of A356 Alloy under Vacuum, Vacuum, 212: 112059 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2023.112059
  82. L. Xie, H. Sun, Y. Wen, L. Hua, and L.-C. Zhang, Electromagnetic Treatment Enhancing Performance of Metal Materials: A Review, Prog. Mater. Sci., 153: 101488 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2025.101488
  83. M. Li, T. Tamura, and K. Miwa, Controlling Microstructures of AZ31 Magnesium Alloys by an Electromagnetic Vibration Technique during Solidification: From Experimental Observation to Theoretical Understanding, Acta Mater., 55: 4635 (2007); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2007.04.035
  84. C.-K. Liu and Z.-Z. He, Compact Integrated Electromagnetic Driving of Liquid Metal for High Heat-Flux Dissipation, Int. J. Therm. Sci., 211: 109725 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109725
  85. M.H. Avnaim, B. Mikhailovich, A. Azulay, and A. Levy, Numerical and Experimental Study of the Traveling Magnetic Field Effect on the Horizontal Solidification in a Rectangular Cavity Pt. 1: Liquid Metal Flow under the TMF Impact, Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow, 69: 23 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2017.11.003
  86. A.D. Pogrebnyak, E.A. Bazyl, and N.V. Sviridenko, The Effect of Irradiation with Electron and Ion Beams on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Titanium Alloys, Prog. Phys. Met., 5, No. 2: 257 (2004); https://doi.org/10.15407/ufm.05.02.257
  87. Y. Jia, X. Chen, Q. Le, and Y. Xin, The Role of Different Electromagnetic Fields in Magnesium Alloys Direct-Chill Casting: Numerical Simulation and Experimental Investigation, J. Magnes. Alloys, 12: 5005 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2024.01.036
  88. J. Wang, Y. Zuo, Q. Zhu, R. Wang, X. Guo, and X. Liu, Simulation Study on the Influence of the Combined Application of Melt Shearing and Electromagnetic Field on the Flow and Temperature Fields during Direct-Chill Casting of 2024 Aluminum Alloy, Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow, 113: 109782 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.109782
  89. A.B. Naizabekov, A.S. Kolesnikov, M.A. Latypova, T.D. Fedorova, and A.D. Mamitova, Current Trends to Obtain Metals and Alloys with Ultrafine-Grained Structure, Prog. Phys. Met., 23, No. 4: 629 (2022); https://doi.org/10.15407/ufm.23.04.629
  90. Y. Huang, J. Wen, Y. Liu, and Y. Zhao, Effects of Electromagnetic Frequency on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al70Zn10Mg10Cu5Si5, J. Mater. Res. Technol., 17: 3105 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2022.02.034
  91. T. Tamura, M. Li, K. Takahashi, and E. Inoue, Improved Solidification Structures and Mechanical Properties of Al-20 wt% Sn Alloys Processed by an Electromagnetic Vibration Technique, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 862: 144416 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2022.144416
  92. V.O. Abramov, A.V. Abramova, V.M. Bayazitov, R.V. Nikonov, and G. Cravotto, Pores-Free Aluminium Alloy by Efficient Degassing Ultrasonic Treatments, Appl. Acoust., 184: 108343 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2021.108343
  93. M. Li, N. Omura, Y. Murakami, I. Matsui, and S. Tada, A Comparative Study of the Primary Phase Formation in Al–7 wt% Si and Al–17 wt% Si Alloys Solidified by Electromagnetic Stirring Processing, Mater. Today Commun., 24: 101146 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2020.101146
  94. Z. Jiang, L. Zhu, J. Zhang, G. Meng, Z. Yang, and L. Xu, Influence of Ultrasonic Vibration on Molten Pool Behavior, Cladding Layer Microstructure and Pore Defects for Directed Energy Deposition, Appl. Therm. Eng., 247: 123047 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2024.123047
  95. C. He, Y. Li, J. Li, G. Xu, Z. Wang, and D. Wu, Effect of Electromagnetic Fields on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Sub-Rapid Solidification-Processed Al–Mg–Si Alloy during Twin-Roll Casting, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 766: 138328 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2019.138328
  96. M.K. Aghayani and B. Niroumand, Effects of Ultrasonic Treatment on Microstructure and Tensile Strength of AZ91 Magnesium Alloy, J. Alloys Compd., 509: 114 (2011); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.08.139
  97. B. Nagasivamuni, G. Wang, D.H. StJohn, and M.S. Dargusch, The Effect of Ultrasonic Treatment on the Mechanisms of Grain Formation in As-Cast High Purity Zinc, J. Cryst. Growth, 495: 20 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2018.05.006
  98. S. Guo, Q. Le, Z. Zhao, Z. Wang, and J. Cui, Microstructural Refinement of DC Cast AZ80 Mg Billets by Low Frequency Electromagnetic Vibration, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 404: 323 (2005); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2005.05.070
  99. T. Tamura and M. Li, Separation of Aluminum and Silicon from Crystallizing Al–12.6 wt%Si Eutectic Melts by Applying an Electromagnetic Force during Directional Solidification, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 342: 118916 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2025.118916
  100. N. Balasubramani, J. Venezuela, D. StJohn, G. Wang, and M. Dargusch, A Review of the Origin of Equiaxed Grains during Solidification under Mechanical Stirring, Vibration, Electromagnetic, Electric-Current, and Ultrasonic Treatments, J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 144: 243 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2022.09.067
  101. G. Tang, Z. Sun, B. Luo, W. Lin, Z. Lin, T. Zheng, B. Zhou, P. Shi, Q. Li, C. Liu, H. Lu, Z. Shen, B. Ding, and Y. Zhong, Study on the Structural Evolution of Al–15Sn–1Cu Alloys Solidified at Different Electromagnetic Vibration Frequencies, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 338: 118771 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2025.118771
  102. Z. Liu, S. Zhang, F. Cao, Y. Jiang, Z. Chen, H. Kang, Z. Cao, E. Guo, S. Liang, and T. Wang, Effect of Ultrasonic Vibration Treatment on Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Cu–TiB2, Mater. Charact., 211: 113912 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2024.113912
  103. G. Tang, Z. Sun, Z. Lin, T. Zheng, B. Zhou, P. Shi, Q. Li, C. Liu, H. Lu, Z. Shen, B. Ding, and Y. Zhong, Revealing the Influential Mechanism of Electromagnetic Vibration on the Bulk Solidification and the Upward Continuous Casting of Cu–15Ni–8Sn Alloy, J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 189: 166 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2023.12.019
  104. Q. Li, W. Jiang, Y. Xu, L. Yu, Z. Peng, Y. Xin, and Z. Fan, Influence of Gd Alloying and Ultrasonic Vibration Hybrid Treatment on the Microstructures, Mechanical Properties and Strengthening Mechanisms of Al/Mg Interface by Compound Casting, J. Mater. Res. Technol., 35: 1040 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.01.083
  105. T. Nagira, N. Nakatsuka, H. Yasuda, K. Uesugi, A. Takeuchi, and Y. Suzuki, Impact of Melt Convection Induced by Ultrasonic Wave on Dendrite Growth in Sn–Bi Alloys, Mater. Lett., 150: 135 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2015.02.069
  106. X. Chen, Y. Jia, Q. Liao, W. Jia, Q. Le, S. Ning, and F. Yu, The Simultaneous Application of Variable Frequency Ultrasonic and Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields in Semi Continuous Casting of AZ80 Magnesium Alloy, J. Alloys Compd., 774: 710 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.09.300
  107. J.-Z. Cui, Z.-Q. Zhang, and Q.-C. Le, Direct-Chilling Casting of Mg Alloy under Electromagnetic and Ultrasonic Combined Field, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 20: s297 (2010); https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(10)60487-6
  108. F. Wang, D. Eskin, J. Mi, C. Wang, B. Koe, A. King, C. Reinhard, and T. Connolley, A Synchrotron X-Radiography Study of the Fragmentation and Refinement of Primary Intermetallic Particles in an Al–35Cu Alloy Induced by Ultrasonic Melt Processing, Acta Mater., 141: 142 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2017.09.010
  109. J. Barbosa and H. Puga, Ultrasonic Melt Processing in the Low Pressure Investment Casting of Al Alloys, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 244: 150 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2017.01.031
  110. Z.-W. Shao, Q.-C. Le, J.-Z. Cui, and Z.-Q. Zhang, Numerical Simulation of Standing Waves for Ultrasonic Purification of Magnesium Alloy Melt, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 20: s382 (2010); https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(10)60502-X
  111. L. Yao, H. Hao, S.-H. Ji, C.-F. Fang, and X.-G. Zhang, Effects of Ultrasonic Vibration on Solidification Structure and Properties of Mg-8Li-3Al Alloy, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 21: 1241 (2011); https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(11)60848-0
  112. M.H. Khan, A. Das, T.I. Khan, Z. Li, and H.R. Kotadia, Microstructural Modification in an Al–Mg–Si (6082) Alloy with High Fe Content Using Inoculation and/or High-Intensity Ultrasonication, J. Alloys Compd., 1012: 178500 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.178500
  113. M. Li, T. Tamura, N. Omura, Y. Murakami, and S. Tada, Grain Refinement of AZCa912 Alloys Solidified by an Optimized Electromagnetic Stirring Technique, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 235: 114 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2016.04.024
  114. D.A. Lesyk, B.M. Mordyuk, W. Alnusirat, S. Martinez, V.V. Dzhemelinskyi, O.O. Honcharuk, P.V. Kondrashev, Yu.V. Kliuchnykov, and A. Lamikiz, Ultrasonic Surface Finishing of AISI 1045 Steel Hardened by Laser Heat Treatment with Fibre Laser and Scanning Optics: Layered-Structure-Induced Hardening and Enhanced Surface Morphology, Prog. Phys. Met., 25, No. 4: 822 (2024); https://doi.org/10.15407/ufm.25.04.822
  115. F. Jiang, K.-Q. Qiu, H.-D. Wang, Q.-C. Xiang, Y.-R. Zhang, and Y.-D. Qu, Effects of Bi Modification and Ultrasonic Treatment on Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of AlMg5Si2Mn Alloy, J. Alloys Compd., 901: 163486 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.163486
  116. A. Isagulov, R. Sultangaziyev, V. Kulikov, A. Akberdin, and A. Kim, Diagram of Equilibrium Phase Composition of Fe–C–Si–B System, Metalurgija, 55, No. 3: 305 (2016).
  117. D. Aubakirov, A. Issagulov, S. Kvon, V. Kulikov, Y. Chsherbakova, and S. Arinova, Modifying Effect of a New Boron–Barium Ferroalloy on the Wear Resistance of Low-Chromium Cast Iron, Metals, 12: 1153 (2022); https://doi.org/10.3390/met12071153
  118. P.V. Kovalev, S.D. Popova, A.Z. Issagulov, V.Y. Kulikov, and S.S. Kvon, Investigation of the Effect of High Strength Strips Steel Modification with Rare-Earth Metal (REM), Metalurgija, 56, Nos. 3–4: 393 (2017).
  119. X. Liu, Z. Guo, J. Xue, and C. Zhang, Ultrason. Sonochem., 52: 33 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.09.009
  120. L. Zhang, X.-Q. Li, S. Ge, G. Huang, R.-P. Jiang, J.-P. Xie, and S.-K. Guan, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 35, No. 5: 1381 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1016/s1003-6326(24)66755-5
  121. I.V. Gomes, M. Pacheco, M. Nienaber, S.C. Neves, D. Mei, A. Barros, R.L. Reis, J.L. Alves, and H. Puga, J. Magnes. Alloys, 11, No. 8: 2901 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2023.07.013

Ліцензія Creative Commons
Цю статтю ліцензовано на умовах Ліцензії Creative Commons із зазначенням авторства — без похідних 4.0 Міжнародна
© Інститут металофізики ім. Г. В. Курдюмова НАН України,