Реализация физических эффектов при эксплуатации интеллектуальных материалов для формирования их свойств

А. П. Чейлях, Я. А. Чейлях

Государственное высшее учебное заведение «Приазовский государственный технический университет», 87555 Мариуполь, ул. Университетская, 7, Украина

Получена 12.03.2020; окончательный вариант — 03.09.2020 Скачать PDF logo PDF

Аннотация
Обобщены закономерности реализации физических явлений и фазово-структурных превращений, развивающихся при эксплуатации интеллектуальных материалов различной физической природы, состава и функционального применения, которые обеспечивают формирование их физико-механических и эксплуатационных свойств. Предложена классификационная схема физико-химических явлений, охватывающая фазовые и структурные превращения в металлических сплавах, атомно-наноструктурные, электрические, магнитные, механические, оптические, химические и биохимические явления, на которых основано формирование свойств интеллектуальных материалов (металлических и неметаллических, твёрдых и жидких) в процессе их эксплуатации. Сформулированы основные признаки этих явлений и превращений, обуславливающие получение ожидаемого положительного эффекта, проявляющегося в возникновении или улучшении отдельных свойств или их комплекса. Выполнен обзорный анализ разных по физической природе и функциональному назначению групп интеллектуальных материалов, реализуемых в них в процессе эксплуатации физических явлений, превращений и эффектов, приводящих к формированию обусловленных свойств. Рассмотрены особенности интеллектуальных материалов различной физической природы и реализуемые в них явления (превращения) при эксплуатации. Предложены модели фазово-структурной эволюции традиционных (стабильных) и интеллектуальных (метастабильных) материалов, самоорганизующихся в процессе эксплуатации благодаря реализации физических явлений, превращений и эффектов на протяжении их жизненного цикла. Показана необходимость управления этими процессами для формирования повышенных свойств, устойчивого и длительного их жизненного цикла. На основе проведённого анализа и обзорного обобщения сформулированы принципы проектирования интеллектуальных (метастабильных) материалов, обладающих уникальными свойствами.

Ключевые слова: интеллектуальные материалы, метастабильность, физические явления, положительный эффект, улучшенные свойства.

Citation: O. P. Cheiliakh and Ya. O. Cheiliakh, Implementation of Physical Effects in the Operation of Smart Materials to Form Their Properties, Progress in Physics of Metals, 21, No. 3: 363–463 (2020) (in Ukrainian); doi: 10.15407/ufm.21.03.363


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