Мартенситная фаза типа α″-Fe<sub>16</sub>N<sub>2</sub> нестехиометрического состава: текущее состояние исследований и микроскопическая статистико-термодинамическая модель

Выпуски УФМ $\rightarrow$ Том 21, выпуск 4 (2020)

Мартенситная фаза типа α″-Fe₁₆N₂ нестехиометрического состава: текущее состояние исследований и микроскопическая статистико-термодинамическая модель

Т. М. Радченко, А. С. Гаценко, В. В. Лизунов, В. А. Татаренко

Институт металлофизики им. Г. В. Курдюмова НАН Украины, бульв. Академика Вернадского, 36, 03142 Киев, Украина

Получена 17.11.2020; окончательный вариант — 07.12.2020 Скачать  PDF

Аннотация
Обозреваются и анализируются литературные (экспериментальные и теоретические) данные о тетрагональном мартенсите с легирующими элементами внедрения–замещения и вакансиями. Особое внимание уделяется изучению мартенситной фазы типа α″-Fe₁₆N₂ с уникальными и перспективными магнитными свойствами как альтернативы редкоземельным интерметаллидам и пермендюру на мировом рынке производства постоянных магнитов. Охвачен период от времени её открытия до нынешнего состояния исследований. Развита статистико-термодинамическая модель «гибридного» твёрдого раствора внедрения–замещения на основе кристаллической ОЦТ-решётки, где легирующие неметаллические компоненты (примесные атомы) могут занимать как междоузлия, так и вакантные узлы ОЦК(Т)-решётки металла. Учтены дискретное (атомарно-кристаллическое) строение решётки, анизотропия упругости, а также «блокирующие» и деформационные (в том числе «размерные») эффекты в межатомных взаимодействиях. Модель адаптирована для максимально упорядоченной по типу α″-Fe₁₆N₂ нестехиометрической фазы мартенсита Fe–N с атомами азота в октаэдрических междоузлиях и на узлах ОЦТ-железа выше его температуры Кюри. Подчёркивается важность адекватного набора (зависимых от температуры и концентрации) имеющихся (в литературе) микроскопических энергетических параметров взаимодействий атомов и вакансий. Выясняются особенности изменения, а именно, немонотонного уменьшения, при повышении температуры относительной концентрации атомов N в октаэдрических междоузлиях ОЦТ-Fe, а поэтому и (коррелирующей с этой концентрацией) степени его тетрагональности. В широком диапазоне изменения общего содержаний внедрённых атомов N демонстрируется соотношение равновесной концентрации остаточных узельных вакансий с концентрацией термически активированных вакансий беспримесного ОЦК-Fe при фиксированной температуре.

Ключевые слова: фаза α″-Fe₁₆N₂, мартенсит Fe–N, твёрдый раствор внедрения–замещения, тетрагональность, вакансии, упорядочение атомов, нередкоземельные магнитные материалы, постоянные магниты.

Citation: T. M. Radchenko, O. S. Gatsenko, V. V. Lizunov, and V. A. Tatarenko, Martensitic α″-Fe₁₆N₂-Type Phase of Non-Stoichiometric Composition: Current Status of Research and Microscopic Statistical-Thermodynamic Model, Progress in Physics of Metals, 21, No. 4: 580–618 (2020); doi: 10.15407/ufm.21.04.580

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