Выпуски УФМ $\rightarrow$ Том 21, выпуск 2 (2020)

Анализ материалов и современных технологий для изготовления свёрл, оснащённых коронками, армированными поликристаллическими синтетическими алмазами

Л. Я. Ропяк$^1$, Т. А. Пригоровская$^1$, К. Г. Левчук$^2$

$^1$Ивано-Франковский национальный технический университет нефти и газа, ул. Карпатская, 15, 07600 Ивано-Франковск, Украина
$^2$Институт металлофизики им. Г. В. Курдюмова НАН Украины, бульв. Академика Вернадского, 36, 03142 Киев, Украина

Получена 24.02.2020; окончательный вариант — 17.04.2020 Скачать PDF logo PDF

Аннотация
С целью привлечения более широкого круга учёных к поиску новых и усовершенствованию имеющихся технологических процессов изготовления буровых долот в зависимости от используемых материалов, способов формирования точности и качества их рабочих поверхностей проведён обзор и анализ технологических систем механической обработки и имеющихся технических средств. Выполнен обзор работ, где рассмотрено влияние механико-физических характеристик, свойств, структуры, а также современных технологий, инструментов и технических средств, проанализированы основные тенденции и различия в технологиях, которые определяются используемыми материалами. Показано, что металловедческий подход к вопросам проектирования буровых инструментов является основным путём для существенного повышения их эксплуатационных свойств; кроме этого, исследования условий термодинамического равновесия и характера протекания в металлических материалах различных процессов при изготовлении буровых долот обеспечат их высокие эксплуатационные показатели. Построена схема формирования качества бурового долота, согласно которой качество долота является комплексным показателем и определяется как материалами, так и технологией изготовления отдельных элементов долот. Показано, что основными технологическими этапами, на которых формируется качество долота, является производство заготовок, черновая и получистовая механическая обработка резанием деталей, химико-термическая обработка, покрытие корпуса, доводочная механическая обработка резанием, припайки резцов, сборка долота в целом. Установлено, что различия в применяемых материалах определяют различия не только в технологии, но и в конструкции бурового долота.

Ключевые слова: буровое долото PDC, качество, технология, металл, сварка, литьё, корпус, резец.

Citation: L. Ya. Ropyak, T. O. Pryhorovska, and K. H. Levchuk, Analysis of Materials and Modern Technologies for PDC Drill Bit Manufacturing, Progress in Physics of Metals, 21, No. 2: 274–301 (2020); doi: 10.15407/ufm.21.02.274

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