Issues $\rightarrow$ Volume 27, Issue 4 (2026)

High-Entropy Alloys Fabricated by Mechanical Alloying and Spark Plasma Sintering: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties

MORDYUK B.M.$^{1}$, VASYLYEV M.O.$^{1}$, and VOLOSHKO S.M.$^{2}$

$^{1}$G.V. Kurdyumov Institute for Metal Physics of the N.A.S. of Ukraine, 36 Academician Vernadsky Blvd., UA-03142 Kyiv, Ukraine
$^{2}$National Technical University of Ukraine ‘Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute’, 37 Beresteiskyi Ave., UA-03056 Kyiv, Ukraine

Received / final version: 07.08.2026 / 13.10.2026 Download PDF logo PDF

Abstract
This work considers a special class of functional materials, viz., high-entropy alloys (HEAs). HEAs have attracted significant attention due to their unique combination of structural stability and superior mechanical properties, which arise from their multicomponent compositions and high configurational entropy. This review focuses on the structure and properties of equiatomic and non-equiatomic HEAs synthesised by mechanical alloying (MA) followed by spark plasma sintering (SPS), emphasising the relationship between processing conditions, phase formation, and mechanical performance. Two types of HEAs are considered: equiatomic (CoCrFeNiTi, TiZrNbMoTa, CoCrFeNiMnA, AlCoCrFeNi, CoCrFeMnNi, AlCuCrFeMnW, AlCoCuNiZn, AlCoCrFeNi) and non-equiatomic (CoCrFeNiTix, CoCrFeNiMnx, CoCrCuFeNiMox, Co25Ni25Fe25Al7.5Cu17.5, CoFeNiAl0.5Ti0.5, AlCoCrFeNi2.1, Al0.3CoCrFeMnNi, AlFeCuCrMgx, Al0.5CrFeNiCo0.3C0.2, Al0.75FeNiCrCoTi0.25, Ni1.5Co1.5CrFeTi0.5, Al30Ti35Mg5V10Fe8Cr12, CuxZnyTi20Fe20Cr20, Nb25Mo25Ta25W25, (CuCrFeTiZn)100−xPbx, Al35Cr14Mg6Ti35V10, Al0.1CrNbVMo, AlCoCrFeMnSix, Al0.1CoCrFeNi). The influence of the following additional elements on the structure and mechanical properties has been studied: Ti, Mn, Mo, Al, Cu, Ni, Mg, Co, Cr, W, Pb, V, and Si. The effects of ball-milling speed and ball-to-powder weight ratio on the alloying behaviour are detected. The microstructure and phase characteristics are characterised using x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. As for mechanical characteristics, the combined effects of MA and SPS on microhardness are evaluated, and the strengthening mechanisms are presented.

Keywords: high-entropy alloys, mechanical alloying, spark plasma sintering, mechanical characteristics, microhardness.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/ufm.27.04.***

Citation: B.M. Mordyuk, M.O. Vasylyev, and S.M. Voloshko, High-Entropy Alloys Fabricated by Mechanical Alloying and Spark Plasma Sintering: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties, Progress in Physics of Metals, 27, No. 4: ***–*** (2026)

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