The Analysis of Competitive Methods of Improvement of Operational Properties of Functional Layers of Flat Heating Elements

Z. A. Duriagina$^{1,2}$, T. M. Kovbasyuk$^{1}$, S. A. Bespalov$^{3}$

$^1$Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12 Bandera Str., 79013 Lviv, Ukraine
$^2$The John Paul Ⅱ Catholic University of Lublin, 14 Racławickie Ave., 20-950 Lublin, Poland
$^3$Presidium of the NAS of Ukraine, 54 Volodymyrs’ka Str., 01030 Kyiv, Ukraine

Received: 29.09.2015. Download: PDF

Applying of electric current as a source of thermal energy in the conditions of increasing scarcity of natural energy resources is becoming more important. The development of environmentally friendly electric heaters with low inertia for heating of premises, trains and municipal electric transport vehicles (cabins and carriages for trains, trams, trolleybuses) is one of energy conservation problem. Production technology of flat heaters is currently expensive and low productive. This technology is based on a multiple screen printing method followed by the complicated heat treatment. To product dielectric and resistive pastes, precious metals are used. The article focuses on development of alternative production technologies of flat heating elements via the surface-engineering methods using ion–plasma (magnetron) sputtering of cathode with composition close to the composition of functional dielectric or resistive layer on stainless-steel substrates and the development of new dielectric and resistor pastes based on glass-ceramic sealants with a minimal content of precious metals or without them.

Keywords: flat heating element, surface engineering, dielectric coatings, resistive coatings, ion–plasma sputtering, glass-ceramic material.

PACS: 68.37.Hk, 73.40.Rw, 73.61.Ng, 77.84.-s, 81.15.Cd, 81.15.Gh, 84.60.Rb

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/ufm.17.01.029

Citation: Z. A. Duriagina, T. M. Kovbasyuk, and S. A. Bespalov, The Analysis of Competitive Methods of Improvement of Operational Properties of Functional Layers of Flat Heating Elements, Usp. Fiz. Met., 17, No. 1: 29—51 (2016) (in Ukrainian), doi: 10.15407/ufm.17.01.029


References (30)  
  1. Z. A. Duryahina, V. Yu. Ol'shanets'kyy, and Yu. I. Kononenko, Strukturno-Energetychnyy Stan Vnutrishnikh ta Zovnishnikh Mezh Podilu u Metalevykh Systemakh [Structural and Energy State of Internal and External Surface Boundaries in Metallic Systems] (Lviv: Vydavnytstvo Lvivskoyi Politekhniky: 2013) (in Ukrainian).
  2. Z. A. Duryahina, Fizyka ta Khimiya Poverkhni [Physics and Chemistry of Surface] (Lviv: Vydavnytstvo Lvivskoyi Politekhniky: 2009) (in Ukrainian).
  3. Z. A. Duryahina, S. A. Bespalov, V. Ya. Pidkova, and D. Yu. Polots'kyy, Metalofiz. Noveishie Tekhnol., 33, Special Iss.: 395 (2011) (in Ukrainian).
  4. D. A. Heodakian, Materialovedenie, No. 2: 232 (2008) (in Russian).
  5. Z. A. Duryahina, S. A. Bespalov, A. K. Borysyuk, and V. Ya. Pidkova, Metallofiz. Noveishie Tekhnol., 33, No. 5: 615 (2011) (in Ukrainian).
  6. Z. A. Duryahina, N. V. Shcherbovs'kykh, and V. Ya. Pidkova, Visnyk Natsional'nogo Universytetu 'Lvivska Politekhnika': Novi Materialy i Tekhnologii, No. 702: 92 (2011) (in Ukrainian).
  7. Z. A. Duryahina, A. K. Borysyuk, S. A. Bespalov, and V. Ya. Pidkova, Materials Science, No. 48: 364 (2012). Crossref
  8. B. S. Grossman, Tekhnologiya i Konstruirovanie Elektronnoi Apparatury, No. 4: 65 (1992) (in Russian).
  9. V. F. Volkova, T. K. Gorbacheva, T. N. Ivanova, and L. F. Yurkov, Elektronnaya Promyshlennost’, No. 9: 12 (1959) (in Russian).
  10. Z. Duryahina, V. Pidkova, and S. Bespalov, Fizyko-Khimichna Mekhanika Materialiv, Special Iss. No. 9: 506 (2012) (in Ukrainian).
  11. I. Korotash, V. Odinokov, G. Pavlov, D. Polotskiy, E. Rudenko, V. Semenyuk, and V. Sologub, Nanoindustriya, No. 4: 14 (2010) (in Russian).
  12. A. Shpak, E. Rudenko, I. Korotash, V. Semenyuk, K. Shamray, V. Odinokov, G. Pavlov, and V. Sologub, Nanoindustriya, No. 4: 12 (2009) (in Russian).
  13. S Iijima, Nature, 354: 56 (1991). Crossref
  14. R. Saito, M. Fujita, and G. Dresselhaus, Phys. Rev. B, 46: 1804 (1992). Crossref
  15. J. E. Stevens, M. J. Sowa, and J. L. Cecchi, J. Vac. Sci. Techhnol. A, 13: 2476 (1995). Crossref
  16. Z. A. Duryahina, V. Ya. Pidkova, and S. O. Olshevska, Functional Materials, 20, No. 2: 1 (2013).
  17. V. Pidkova, I. Brodnokovska, Z. Duryahina, and V. Petrovskyy, Functional Materials, 22, No. 1: 1 (2015). Crossref
  18. Z. A. Duryahina, A. P. Oksenyuk, V. Ya. Pidkova, S. O. Ol'shevs'ka, andN. V. Tsyhylyk, Sposib Otrymannya Dielektrychnoyi Plivky na Osnovi Oksydu Alyuminiyu [Method for Obtaining of Alumina-Based Dielectric Films]: Patent of Ukraine # 81673 (Published 10 July, 2013).
  19. N. M. Pavlushkyn, G. G. Sentyurin, and R. Ya. Khodakovskaya, Praktikum po Tekhnologii Sitallov [Practice on Pyroceramic Technology] (Moscow: Stroyizdat: 1970) (in Russian).
  20. Z. Strnad, Steklokristallicheskie Materialy [Glass-Ceramic Materials] (Moscow: Stroyizdat: 1988) (Russian translation).
  21. N. M. Pavlushkin, Osnovy Tekhnologii Sitallov [Bases of Pyroceramic Technology] (Moscow: Stroyizdat: 1979) (in Russian).
  22. V. H. Grebenkina, V. S. Dobroyer, L. I. Panov, and Yu. P. Trizna, Tolstoplyonochnaya Mikroelektronika [Thick-Film Microelectronics] (Kiev: Naukova Dumka: 1983) (in Russian).
  23. M. V. Artamonova, M. S. Aslanova, and I. M. Buzhynskiy, Khimicheskaya Tekhnologiya Stekla i Sitallov: Uchebnoye Posobie dlya VUZov [Chemical Technology of Glass and Pyroceramics: Tutorial for Institutes of Higher Education] (Ed. N. M. Pavlushkin) (Moscow: Stroyizdat: 1983) (in Russian).
  24. N. M. Pavlushkin, Steklo: Spravochnik [Glass: Handbook] (Moscow: Stroyizdat: 1973) (in Russian).
  25. V. G. Sorokin, A. V. Volosnikova, S. A. Vyatkin et al., Marochnik Staley i Splavov [Labels for Steels and Alloys] (Ed. V. G. Sorokin) (Moscow: Mashinostroenie: 1989) (in Russian).
  26. L. K. Druzhynin and V. V. Kudinov, Poluchenie Pokrytiy Vysokotemperaturnym Raspyleniem [Fabrication of Coatings by High-Temperature Sputtering] (Moscow: Atomizdat: 1973) (in Russian).
  27. H. Kawasumi, Source Book on Applications of Metalworking (Metals Park, Ohio: ASM: 1981).
  28. Tekhnologiya Tolstykh i Tonkikh Plyonok [Thick and Thin Films for Electronic Applications] (Eds. A. Reisman and K. Rose) (Moscow: Mir: 1972) (Russian translation).
  29. S. D. Stookey, DBR Patent 962.110 (1957).
  30. A. D. Zimon, Adheziya Zhydkosti i Smachivanie [Adhesion of Liquid and Wetting] (Moscow: Khimiya: 1974) (in Russian).
Cited By (2)
  1. Z. Duriagina, Funct.Mater. 24, 005 (2017).
  2. Z. А. Duriagina, Т. М. Kovbasyuk, M. Zagula-Yavorska and S. A. Bespalov, Metallofiz. Noveishie Tekhnol. 38, 1367 (2016).