Methods of Improving the Structure and Properties of High-Speed Steels

Issues $\rightarrow$ Volume 24, Issue 3 (2023)

O. V. Movchan and K. O. Chornoivanenko

Ukrainian State University of Science and Technologies, 2 Lazaryana Str., UA-49010 Dnipro, Ukraine

Received 11.04.2023; final version — 05.08.2023 Download  PDF

Abstract
We review the works on the technologies of high-speed steels (HSSs) production. Different methods for improving the structure homogeneity of HSSs are considered. State-of-the-art techniques for controlling the structure of steels, the advantages and disadvantages of technologies are formulated. Modification methods for improving the structure of HSSs using various alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, rare-earth metals, misch metals are studied. An increase in cooling rate and the implementation of a spheroidizing treatment process to refine carbide dimensions in HSSs are considered. The sub-zero treatment for improving the fatigue characteristics, impact strength, hardness and wear resistance of HSSs are studied. Powder metallurgy is able to promote the refined and more uniform microstructures. This is their main advantage leading to improved properties and higher isotropy of HSSs. The regularities of phase and structural transformations by diffusion composition changing in the pressed powder mixture of alloys (in which the concentration of the alloying elements is similar to standard HSSs, but with different carbon content) are considered. As shown, using metal injection moulding and coating technologies are efficient ways to improve hardness and wear resistance of HSSs. The possibility of applying chemical-heat treatment to improve the structure of HSSs is shown. Diffusion changes in composition due to chemical-heat treatment allow obtaining in situ composite with a high level of physical and mechanical properties. The influence of additional doping on the structure and properties of composite materials of the eutectic type of binary systems, as well as the features of the structure formation of ternary colonies in the composite are considered.

Keywords: high-speed steel, structure homogeneity, modification, sub-zero treatment, powder metallurgy, coating technologies, thermochemical treatment, in situ composite.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/ufm.24.03.446

Citation: O. V. Movchan and K. O. Chornoivanenko, Methods of Improving the Structure and Properties of High-Speed Steels, Progress in Physics of Metals, 24, No. 3: 446–469 (2023)

References

W. Bochnowski, H. Leitner, L. Major, R. Ebner, and B. Major, Mater. Chem. Phys., 81: 503 (2003); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0254-0584(03)00058-0
A.S. Chaus and M. Hudakova, Wear, 267: 1051 (2009); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2008.12.101
X.G. Yan and D.Y. Li, Wear, 302, Nos. 1–2: 854 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2012.12.037
V.D. Eisenhttenleute und V. Stahleisen, Werkstoffkunde Stahl (Dusseldorf: 1984) (in German); https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82091-5
E. Haberling und I. Schruff, Thyssen Edelstahl Technische Berichte, 11: 99 (1985) (in German).
E. Pippel, J. Woltersdorf, G. Pockl, and G. Lichtenegger, Mater. Characterization, 43, No. 1: 41 (1999); https://doi.org/10.1016/S1044-5803(99)00003-0
R.H. Barkalow, R.W. Kraft, and J.I. Goldstein, Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 3: 919 (1972); https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02647667
I.C. Ernst and D. Duh, J. Mater. Sci., 39: 6831 (2004); https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JMSC.0000045613.54700.35
A.S. Chaus, M. Bračik, M. Sahul, and M. Domankova, Vacuum, 162: 183 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2019.01.041
H.F. Fischmeister, R. Riedl, and S. Karagoz, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 20: 2133 (1989); https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02650299
H. Fredriksson and S. Brising, Scand. J. Metal., 5: 268 (1976).
N.B. Dhokey, A. Hake, and S. Kadu, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 45: 1508 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-013-2067-2
V. Alves, C. Brett, and A. Cavaleiro, J. Appl. Electrochem., 31: 65 (2001); https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004157623466
A.S. Chaus, M. Bogachik, and P. Uradnik, Phys. Metals Metallogr., 112: 470 (2011); https://doi.org/10.1134/S0031918X11020189
X.F. Zhou, X.Y. Yin, F. Fang, J.Q. Jiang, and W.L. Zhu, J. Rare Earths, 30: 1075 (2012); https://doi.org/10.1016/S1002-0721(12)60181-1
A.S. Chaus and M. Domankova, J. Material. Eng. Perform., 22: 1412 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-012-0407-9
S.S. Gill, JERS, 3, No. 2: 45 (2012).
H.G. Fu, J.M. Du, Z.Q. Zhang, and J.D. Xing, J. Rare Earths, 21: 664 (2003).
X.W. Zong and Z.Q. Jiang, Trans. Nonferrous Metal. Soc. China, 15: 194 (2005).
M.J. Wang, S.M. Mu, F.F. Song, and Y. Wang, J. Rare Earths, 25: 490 (2007); https://doi.org/10.1016/S1002-0721(07)60462-1
Y.K. Luan, N.N. Song, Y.L. Bai, X.H. Kang, and D.Z. Li, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 210: 536 (2010); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2009.10.017
M.G. Qu, S.H. Sun, X.H. Bai, Z.P. Shi, Y. Gao, and W.T. Fu, Iron Steel Res. Int., 21, No. 1: 60 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1016/S1006-706X(14)60010-8
B. Zhou, Y. Shen, J. Chen, and Z.S. Cui, Iron Steel Res. Int., 18, No. 1: 41 (2011); https://doi.org/10.1016/S1006-706X(11)60009-5
Y.C. Pan, H. Yang, X.F. Liu, and X.F. Bian, Mater. Lett., 58: 1912 (2004); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2003.12.005
J.T. Duan, Z.Q. Jiang, and H.G. Fu, J. Rare Earths, 25: 259 (2007); https://doi.org/10.1016/S1002-0721(07)60484-0
Q.X. Liu, D.P. Lu, L. Lu, Q. Hu, Q.F. Fu, and Z. Zhou, J. Iron Steel Res．Int., 22, No.3: 245 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1016/S1006-706X(15)60037-1
J. Yang, D.N. Zou, X.M. Li, and Z.Z. Du, J. Iron Steel Res. Int., 14, No. 1: 47 (2007); https://doi.org/10.1016/S1006-706X(07)60011-9
E.S. Lee, W.J. Park, J.Y. Jung, and S. Ahn, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 29: 1395 (1998); https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-998-0354-0
H.S. Di, X.M. Zhang, G.D. Wang, and X.H. Liu, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 166: 359 (2005); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2004.07.085
X.F. Zhou, F. Fang, J.Q. Jiang, W.L. Zhu, and H.X. Xu, Mater. Sci. Technol., 30: 116 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1179/1743284713Y.0000000338
X.F. Zhou, F. Fang, G. Li, and J.Q. Jiang, ISIJ Int., 50: 1151 (2010); https://doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.50.1151
F.S. Pan, W.Q. Wang, A.T. Tang, L.Z. Wu, T.T. Liu, and R.J. Cheng, Prog. Nat. Sci., 21: 180 (2011); https://doi.org/10.1016/S1002-0071(12)60053-7
M.G. Qu, Z.H. Wang, H. Li, Z.Q. Lv, S.H. Sun, and W.T. Fu, J. Rare Earths, 31: 628 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1016/S1002-0721(12)60332-9
M. Boccalini Jr., A.V.O. Correa, and H. Goldenstein, Mater. Sci. Technol., 15, No. 6: 621 (1999); https://doi.org/10.1179/026708399101506355
P. Chena, Y. Liu, X. Ping, W. Li, and Y. Yi, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 863: 144520 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2022.144520
X. Ren, H. Fu, J. Xing, and Y. Yi, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 742: 617 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2018.10.087
X.F. Zhou, W.L. Zhu, and H.B. Jiang, J. Iron Steel Res. Int., 23: 800 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1016/S1006-706X(16)30123-6
C.H. Surberg, P. Stratton, and K. Lingenhoe, Cryogenics, 48: 42 (2008); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2007.10.002
P. Baldissera, Mater. Design, 30: 3636 (2009); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2009.02.019
Y.M. Rhyim, S.H. Han, Y.S. Na, and J.H. Lee, Solid State Phenom., 118: 9 (2006); https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/SSP.118.9
D. Das, R Sarkar, A.K. Dutta, and K.K. Ray, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 528: 589 (2010); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2010.09.057
S. Li, Y. Xie, and X. Wu, Cryogenics, 50: 89 (2010); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2009.12.005
F. Meng, K. Tagashira, R. Azuma, and H. Sohma, ISIJ International, 34: 205 (1994); https://doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.34.205
D. Yun, L. Xiaoping, and X. Hongshen, Heat Treatment of Metals, 3: 55 (1998); https://doi.org/10.1179/174951508X358482
R.F. Barron, Cryogenics, 22: 409 (1982); https://doi.org/10.1016/0011-2275(82)90085-6
D. MohanLal, S. Renganarayanan, and A. Kalanidhi, Cryogenics, 41: 149 (2001); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0011-2275(01)00065-0
F.J. Silva, S.D. Franco, A.R. Machado, E.O Ezugwu, and A.M.J. Souza, Wear, 261: 674 (2006); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2006.01.017
V. Leskovsek, M. Kalin, and J. Vizintin, Vacuum, 80: 507 (2006); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2005.08.023
M. Kalin, V. Leskovsek, and J. Vizintin, Mater. Manufacturing Processes, 21: 741 (2006); https://doi.org/10.1080/10426910600727924
K. Rajendra, N. Philip, and Z. Yuntian, Heat Treating Progress, 7: 57 (2007).
D. Das, A.K. Dutta, V. Toppo, and K.K. Ray, Mater. Manufacturing Processes, 22: 474 (2007); https://doi.org/10.1080/10426910701235934
M. Pellizzari, A. Molinari, L. Girardini, and L. Maldarelli, Int. J. Microstruct. Mater. Properties, 3: 383 (2008); https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMMP.2008.018742
D. Das, A.K. Dutta, and K.K. Ray, Phil. Magazine Lett., 88: 801 (2008); https://doi.org/10.1080/09500830802380788
D. Das, A.K. Dutta, and K.K. Ray, Wear, 266: 297 (2009); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2008.07.001
F. Cajner, V. Leskovsek, D. Landek, and H. Cajner, Mater. Manufacturing Processes, 24: 743 (2009); https://doi.org/10.1080/10426910902809743
D. Das, A.K. Dutta, and K.K. Ray, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 527: 2194 (2010); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2009.10.071
K. Amini, S. Nategh, and A. Shafyei, Mater. Design, 31: 4666 (2010); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2010.05.028
B. Podgornik, F. Majdic, V. Leskovsek, and J. Vizintin, Wear, 288: 88 (2012); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2011.04.001
N.B. Dhokey and J.V. Dandawate, Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals, 65: 405 (2012); https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-012-0145-6
S.S. Gill, J. Singh, R. Singh, and Harpreet Singh, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 21: 1320 (2012); https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-011-0032-z
N.B. Dhokey, J. Dandawate, H. Gangurde, and A. Harle, Engineering Failure Analysis, 21: 52 (2012); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2011.11.013
H. Yan, H. Xu, and Y. Liu, Adv. Mater. Res., 97–101: 457 (2010); https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.97-101.457
A. Cicek, T. Kivak, I. Uygur, E. Ekici, and Y. Turgut, Int. J. Adv. Manufacturing Technol., 60: 65 (2012); https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-011-3616-8
X.G. Yan, S.Q. Pang, Y.T. Li, Z.Q. Liu, and H. Guo, Adv. Mater. Res., 426: 317 (2012); https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.426.317
D. Das, A.K. Dutta, and K.K. Ray, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 527: 2182 (2010); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2009.10.070
V. Firouzdor, E. Nejati, and F. Khomamizadeh, J. Mater. Processing Technol., 206: 467 (2008); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2007.12.072
J.Y. Huang, Y.T. Zhu, X.Z. Liao, I.J. Beyerlein, M.A. Bourke, and T.E. Mitchell, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 399: 241 (2003); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-5093(02)00165-X
X.G.Yan and D.Y.Li, Wear, 302, Nos. 1–2: 854 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2012.12.037
A.M. Adaskin and Y.E. Sedov, Met. Sci. Heat Treat., 18: 936 (1976); https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00706898
W.J. Shen, L. Yu, Z. Li, Y.H. He, Q.K. Zhang, and H.B. Zhang, Met. Mater. Int., 23: 1150 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-017-7116-8
P. Hellman, Metal. Powder Report, 47: 25 (1992).
R. A. Mesquita and C. A. Barbosa, J. Mater. Sci., 416–418, No. 1: 235 (2003); https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.416-418.235
Q.K. Zhang, Y. Jiang, W.J. Shen, H.B. Zhang, Y.H. He, and N. Li, Material. Design, 112: 469 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2016.09.044
S. Imashuku and K. Wagatsuma, Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 51: 79 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-019-01732-8
M.J. Wang, S.M. Mu, F.F. Sun, and Y. Wang, J. Rare Earths, 25: 490 (2007); https://doi.org/10.1016/S1002-0721(07)60462-1
Y.J. Li, Q.C. Jiang, Y.G. Zhao, Z.M. He, and X.Y. Zhong, J. Rare Earths, 18: 132 (2000).
Y. Ikawa, I. T. Itami, K. Kumagai, and I. Ando, ISIJ International, 30: 757 (1990).
S. Annavarapu, D. Apelian, and A. Lawley, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 19: 3077 (1988); https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02647735
A.G. Leatham, A.J.W. Ogilvy, and P.F. Chesney, Modern Developments in Powder Metallurgy, 18–21: 475 (1988).
R.A. Mesquita and C.A. Barbosa, Mater. Sci. Forum, 498–499: 244 (2005); https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.498-499.244
Z. Liu, N. Loh, K. Khor, and S. Tor, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 293: 46 (2000); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-5093(00)01244-2
C.S. Wright and B. Ogel, Powder Metall., 36: 213 (1993), https://doi.org/10.1179/pom.1993.36.3.213
C. S. Wright, B. Ogel, F. Lemoisson, and Y. Bienvenu, Powder Metall., 38, Iss. 3: 221 (1995); https://doi.org/10.1179/pom.1995.38.3.221
V. Trabadelo, S. Gimenez, and I. Iturriza, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 499: 360 (2009); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2008.08.043
H.B. Wang, L.G. Hou, P. Ou, X.F. Wang, Y.B. Li, L. Shen, and H.J. Zhao, J. Mater. Res., 34: 1043 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1039/C8CS00457A
G.Q. Zhang, H. Yuan, D.L. Jiao, Z. Li, Y. Zhang, and Z.W. Liu, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 558: 566 (2012); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2012.08.050
S.L. Zhao, J.F. Fan, J.Y. Zhang, K.C. Chou, and H.R. Le, Adv. Manuf., 4: 115 (2016).
K.M. McHugh, Y. Lin, Y. Zhou, and E.J. Lavernia, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 477: 50 (2008); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2007.05.121
L. Lu, L. Hou, J. Zhang, H. Wang, H. Cui, J. Huang, Y. Zhang, and J. Zhang, Mater. Char., 117: 1 (2016).
R.A. Mesquita and C.A. Barbosa, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 383: 87 (2004); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2004.02.035
B. Yang, X. Xiong, R. Liu, J. Chen, J. Yang, and H. Luan, J. Mater. Res. and Tech., 14: 1275 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.07.056
O.V. Movchan and K.O. Chernoivanenko, Metallofiz. Noveishie Tekhnol., 39, No. 11: 1469 (2017) (in Russian); https://doi.org/10.15407/mfint.39.11.1469
R.M. German and A. Bose, Injection Moulding of Metals and Ceramics (Princeton, NJ: Metal Powder Industries Federation: 1997).
J.M. Torralba, J.M. Ruiz-Roman, L.E.G. Cambronero, J.M. Ruiz-Prieto, and M. Gutierrez-Stampa, J. Mater. Proc. Technol., 64: 387 (1997); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-0136(96)02590-3
L. Chen, J. Pei, and F. Li, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 47: 5662 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-016-3795-x
A.S. Chaus, M. Bračík, M. Sahul, and M. Domankova, Vacuum, 162: 183 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2019.01.041
M. Gsellmann, T. Klunsner, C. Mitterer, S. Marsoner, G. Skordaris, K. Bouzakis, H. Leitner, and G. Ressel, Surf. Coating. Technol., 394: 125854 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2020.125854
E. Franco, C.E. da Costa, J.C.G. Milan, S.A. Tsipas, and E. Gordo, Surf. Coating. Technol., 384: 125306 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2019.125306
M.S. Liborio, G.B. Praxedes, L.L.F. Lima, I.G. Nascimento, R.R.M. Sousa, M. Naeem, T.H. Costa, S.M. Alves, and J. Iqbal, Surf. Coating. Technol., 384: 125327 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2019.125327
A.S. Chaus, P. Pokorny, L. Caplovic, M.V. Sitkevich, and J. Peterka, Appl. Surf. Sci., 437: 257 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.12.173
C. Liu, Z. Liu, and B. Wang, Ceram. Int., 44: 3430 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2017.11.142
X. Wei, Z. Chen, J. Zhong, and Y. Xiang, Surf. Coating. Technol., 296: 58 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2016.03.090
S. Chang, T. Tang, K. Huang, and C. Liu, Surf. Coating. Technol., 261: 331 (2015) 331–336; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2014.11.005
W. Wu, W. Chen, S. Yang, Y. Lin, S. Zhang, T. Cho, G.H. Lee, and S. Kwon, Appl. Surf. Sci., 351: 803 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.05.191
I.S. Cho, A. Amanov, and J.D. Kim, Tribology International, 81: 61 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2014.08.003
M.A. Donu Ruiz, N. Lopez Perrusquia, D. Sanchez Huerta, C.R. Torres San Miguel, G.M. Urriolagoitia Calderon, E.A. Cerillo Moreno, and J.V. Cortes Suarez, Thin Solid Films, 596: 147 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2015.07.086
E.J. Bienk and N.J. Mikkelsen, Surf. Coat. Technol., 76–77: 475 (1995); https://doi.org/10.1016/0257-8972(95)02498-0
H.G. Prengel, A.T. Santhanam, R.M. Penich, P.C. Jindal, and K.H. Wendt, Surf. Coat. Technol., 94–95: 597 (1997); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0257-8972(97)00503-3
W. Kalss, A. Reiter, V. Derflinger, C. Gey, and J.L. Endrino, Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater., 24: 399 (2005).
P. Carlsson and M. Olsson, Surf. Coat. Technol., 200, Nos. 14–15: 4654 (2006); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.10.127
S.C. Santos, W.F. Sales, F.J. Silva, S.D. Franco, and M.B. Silva, Surf. Coat. Technol., 184: 141 (2004); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2003.10.153
M. Okada, A. Hosokawa, R. Tanaka, and T. Ueda, Int. J. Mach. Tool Manuf., 51: 127 (2011); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2010.10.007
M. Kathrein, C. Michotte, M. Penoy, P. Polcik, and C. Mitterer, Surf. Coat. Technol., 200: 1867 (2005); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2005.08.105
K.H. Park and P.Y. Kwon, Wear, 270: 771 (2011); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2011.01.030
J.J. Moore, I.W. Park, J. Lin, B. Mishra, and K.H. Kim, Nanostructured Multifunctional Tribological Coatings, Nanocomposites, Thin Films and Coatings (Processing Properties and Performance) [London: Imperial College Press: 2007], pp. 329–379.
C.S. Pande and K.P. Cooper, Prog. Mater. Sci., 54, No. 6:689 (2009); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2009.03.008
R.A. Masumura, P.M. Hazzledine, and C.S. Pande, Acta Mater., 46, No. 13: 4527 (1998); https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6454(98)00150-5
M.G. Faga, G. Gautier, R. Calzavarini, M. Perucca, E.A. Boot, F. Cartasegna, and L. Settineri, Wear, 263 Nos. 7–12: 1306 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2007.01.109
S. Veprek and Maritza J.G. Veprek-Heijman, Surf. Coat. Technol., 202, No. 21: 5063 (2008); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2008.05.038
L. Settineri, M.G. Faga, G. Gautier, and M. Perucca, CIRP Ann-Manuf. Technol., 57: 575 (2008); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2008.03.103
D. Jakubeczyova and M. Hagarova, The Acta Metall Slovaca, 18, No. 4: 191 (2012).
J.L. Endrino, G.L. Fox-Rabinovich, and C. Gey, Surf. Coat. Technol., 200: 597 (2006); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2005.10.030
K.D. Bouzakis, S. Hadjiyiannis, G. Skordaris, J. Anastopoulos, I. Mirisidisa, N. Michailidis, K. Efstathiou, O. Knotek, G. Erkens, R. Cremer, S. Rambadt, and I. Wirth, Surf. Coat. Technol., 174–175: 393 (2003); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0257-8972(03)00678-9
G. Skordaris, K.D. Bouzakis, T. Kotsanis, P. Charalampous, E. Bouzakis, O. Lemmer, and S. Bolz, Surf. Coat. Technol., 307: 452 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2016.09.026
V.G. Sargade, S. Gangopadhyay, S. Paul, and A.K. Chattopadhyay, Mater. Manuf. Process., 26, No. 8: 1028 (2011); https://doi.org/10.1080/10426914.2010.526978
K. Mughal, M.Q. Saleem and M.P. Mughal, Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol., 96: 4195 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-018-1829-9
M. Bar-Hen and I. Etsion, Tribol. Int., 110: 341 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2016.11.011
K. Tuffy, G. Byrne, and D. Dowling, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 155–156: 1861 (2004); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2004.04.277
Z. Liu, Q. An, J. Xu, M. Chen, and S. Han, Wear, 305, Nos. 1–2: 249 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2013.02.001
S. Veprek, M.G.J. Veprek-Heijman, P. Karvankova, and J. Prochazka, Thin Solid Films, 476, No. 1: 1 (2005); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2004.10.053
R. Ravi Raja Malar Vannan, T.V. Moorthy, P. Hariharan, B.K. Gnanavel, Effect of physical vapour deposition coatings on high speed steel single point cutting tool. Advances in Material Sciences and Engineering. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering (Singapore: Springer: 2020); https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8297-0_1
O.V. Movchan and K.O. Chornoivanenko, In situ Composites: a Review, Progress in Physics of Metals, 22, No. 1: 58 (2021); https://doi.org/10.15407/ufm.22.01.058
A.V. Movchan, A.P. Bachurin, and L.G. Pedan, Dopovіdі NAN Ukrainy, 7: 104 (2000) (in Russian).
K.P. Bunin, V.I. Movchan, and L.G. Pedan, Izv. VUZov. Chernaya Metallurgiya, 2: 123 (1973) (in Russian).
K.P. Bunin, V.I. Movchan, and L.G. Pedan, Izv. AN SSSR. Metally, 3: 164 (1975) (in Russian).
V.I. Movchan, L.G. Pedan, and V.P. Gerasimenko, MiTOM, 9: 19 (1983) (in Russian).
V.I. Movchan, A.V. Movchan, and Yu.S. Dvoryadkin, Problemy Metallurgicheskogo Proizvodstva, 110: 90 (1993) (in Russian).
A.V. Movchan, L.G. Pedan, and A.P. Bachurin, Metally, 5: 53 (1999) (in Russian).
V.I. Movchan, L.G. Pedan, and V.I. Ivanitsa, MiTOM, 8: 12 (1990) (in Russian).
V.M. Gavrilenko, V.P. Gerasimenko, and V.I. Movchan, Izv. AN SSSR. Metally, 3: 71 (1984) (in Russian).
O.V. Movchan and K.O. Chornoivanenko, Mizhnarodna Naukova Konferentsiya ‘Materialy dlya Roboty v Ehkstremalnykh Umovakh-10’ (Kyiv: 2020), p. 48 (in Ukrainian).
E.A. Chernoivanenko, X Yezhehodnaya Konferentsiya Molodykh Nauchnykh Sotrudnykov i Aspirantov ‘Fiziko-Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Neorganicheskikh Materialov’ (Moskva: IMET: 2013), p. 429 (in Russian).
A.V. Movchan, S.I. Gubenko, A.P. Bachurin, and E.A. Chernoivanenko, Stroitel’stvo, Materialovedenie, Mashinostroenie: Sb. Nauch. Trudov, 64: 262 (2012) (in Russian); http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/smmsc_2012_64_46
O.V. Movchan and K.O. Chornoivanenko, XV Mіzhnarodna Konferentsіya ‘Strategіya Yakostі v Promyslovostі i Osvіtі’ (Dnіpro–Varna: 2019), p. 133 (in Ukrainian).
S.I. Gubenko, A.V. Movchan, A.P. Bachurin, and E.A. Chernoivanenko, Novyny Nauky Prydnіprov’ya. Serіya ‘Іnzhenernі Nauky’, 2: 87 (2012) (in Russian).
A.P. Bachurіn, O.V. Movchan, and L.G. Pedan, MiTOM, 1–2: 18 (2001) (in Ukrainian).
O.V. Movchan and K.O. Chornoivanenko, Metallurgical and Ore Mining Industry, 5–6: 76 (2019) (in Ukrainian). https://doi.org/10.34185/0543-5749.2019-5-6-76-83
A.V. Movchan and E.A. Chernoivanenko, Aktualni Napryamy Rozvytku Tekhnichnoho ta Vyrobnychoho Potentsialu Natsionalnoi Ehkonomiky (Dnipro: Porohy: 2021), p. 69 (in Russian).